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Surface speed of iglidur materials
What is surface speed?
Surface speed is a description of how fast two components travel against each other in a moving operation. The surface speed plays a crucial role in calculating both the service life of a bearing as well as the performance, wear, friction and the generation of heat. All of which we need in order to be able to report test data.
Surface speed is measured in metres per second and the higher the surface speed, the more that certain materials can be put under stress. This can affect performance of certain materials so making sure the correct surface speeds as tested and recorded is crucial for engineers to design the correct bearing for their application.
Below are tables to show some of that data.
Formulas for surface speed
With plain bearings, it is always the circumferential speed that matters. It is not the absolute speed that is decisive, but the relative speed between the shaft and the bearing.
The surface speed is expressed in metres per second [m/s] and is calculated from the speed in [UPM] using the following formula.
- Rotations: v = n d1 π/(60 * 1000) [m/s]
- Pivoting movements: v = d1 π 2*β/360 * f/1000 [m/s]
With varying speeds for example with pivoting movements, the value needed is the average surface speed v (see above formula).
d1
Bearing inner diameter [mm]
f
Frequency [s]
β
Angle [°]
n
Revolutions per minute
Permissible surface speeds
iglidur plain bearings have been developed for low to medium surface speeds in continuous operation.
Tables 01 and 02 show the permissible surface speeds of iglidur plain bearings for rotating, pivoting and linear movements.
These surface speeds are limits assuming minimal pressure of the bearings.
In practice these limits are not often reached due to the alternating effect of influences. Each increase in pressure leads unavoidably to a reduction of the permissible surface speeds and vice versa.
The speed limit is determined by the bearing's temperature increase. This is also the reason why different surface speeds can occur for the different movement types.
With linear movements, more heat can be dissipated via the shaft as the bearing uses a longer area on the shaft.
Surface speed and wear
Considerations regarding the permissible surface speeds should also include the wear resistance of the plain bearings. High surface speeds automatically result in correspondingly high wear rates. With higher surface speed, not only the wear rate rises but also the absolute wear.
Surface speed and coefficient of friction
In practice the coefficient of friction of plain bearings is a result of the surface speed. High surface speeds have a higher coefficient of friction than low surface speeds. Diagram 01 shows this correlation by using the example of a steel shaft (Cf53) with a load of 0.7MPa.
Table 01: Maximum recommended surface speeds (long-term) of iglidur plain bearing in m/s
| Material | Rotating | Oscillating | Linear |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standards | |||
| iglidur G | 1 | 0.7 | 4 |
| iglidur J | 1.5 | 1.1 | 8 |
| iglidur M250 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| iglidur W300 | 1 | 0.7 | 4 |
| iglidur X | 1.5 | 1.1 | 5 |
| General purpose | |||
| iglidur K | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| iglidur P | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| iglidur GLW | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| Endurance runner | |||
| iglidur J260 | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| iglidur J3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 8 |
| iglidur J350 | 1.3 | 1 | 4 |
| iglidur L250 | 1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| iglidur R | 0.8 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
| iglidur D | 1.5 | 1.1 | 8 |
| iglidur J200 | 1 | 0.7 | 10 |
| High temperatures | |||
| iglidur V400 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2 |
| iglidur X6 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 5.4 |
| iglidur Z | 1.5 | 1.1 | 5 |
| iglidur® UW500 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| High media resistance | |||
| iglidur H | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| iglidur H1 | 2 | 1.0 | 5 |
| iglidur H370 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 4 |
| iglidur H2 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 2.5 |
| Contact with food | |||
| iglidur A180 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
| iglidur A200 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2 |
| iglidur A351 | 1 | 0.8 | 2.5 |
| iglidur A500 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1 |
| iglidur T220 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Special application areas | |||
| iglidur F | 0.8 | 0.6 | 3 |
| iglidur H4 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 |
| iglidur Q | 1 | 0.7 | 5 |
| iglidur A290 | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| iglidur UW | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2 |
| iglidur B | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2 |
| iglidur C | 1 | 0.7 | 2 |
Table 02: Maximum recommended surface speeds (short-term) of iglidur plain bearings in m/s
| Material | Rotating | Oscillating | Linear |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standards | |||
| iglidur G | 2 | 1.4 | 5 |
| iglidur J | 3 | 2.1 | 10 |
| iglidur M250 | 2 | 1.4 | 5 |
| iglidur W300 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 6 |
| iglidur X | 3.5 | 2.5 | 10 |
| General purpose | |||
| iglidur K | 2 | 1.4 | 4 |
| iglidur P | 1.4 | 4 | |
| iglidur GLW | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| Endurance runner | |||
| iglidur J260 | 2 | 1.4 | 4 |
| iglidur J3 | 3 | 2.1 | 10 |
| iglidur J350 | 2 | 2.3 | 8 |
| iglidur L250 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3 |
| iglidur R | 1.2 | 1 | 5 |
| iglidur D | 3 | 2.1 | 10 |
| iglidur J200 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 15 |
| High temperatures | |||
| iglidur V400 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 3 |
| iglidur X6 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 10 |
| iglidur Z | 3.5 | 2.5 | 6 |
| iglidur® UW500 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3 |
| High media resistance | |||
| iglidur H | 1.5 | 1.1 | 4 |
| iglidur H1 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 7 |
| iglidur H370 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 5 |
| iglidur H2 | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| Contact with food | |||
| iglidur A180 | 1.2 | 1 | 5 |
| iglidur A200 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3 |
| iglidur A350 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 3 |
| iglidur A500 | 1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| iglidur A290 | 2 | 1.4 | 4 |
| iglidur T220 | 1 | 0.7 | 2 |
| Special application areas | |||
| iglidur F | 1.5 | 1.1 | 5 |
| iglidur H4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2 |
| iglidur Q | 2 | 1.4 | 6 |
| iglidur UW | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3 |
| iglidur B | 1 | 0.7 | 3 |
| iglidur C | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3 |
Tested in the test laboratory for use in the real world
All materials and products are checked in the igus test laboratory, the largest in the industry, under real-life conditions with regard to wear and durability. This makes it possible to accurately predict their service life.
Upon request, igus carries out customer tests to check product use under completely customised conditions.
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